Saturday, May 30, 2020

Going 'dark' for awhile

I have spent many years searching for my father, who I’ve been estranged from for many years.   A few days ago I found this:

 

 

I am not going to pretend that my father and I were close, or that I am even in mourning, but I do want to understand more about who he was as a man.  For the first time, I actually have the opportunity to talk with people who knew him who can tell me what he was like, and I’ve been spending a LOT of hours doing just that.

 

To give you an example of what kind of man he was, here is an article I found about him:  https://www.postguam.com/news/local/wwii-vet-faces-eviction-difficulty-with-services/article_bfbc3016-f1d5-11e7-82b1-eb19b1affce8.html .  He was certainly one of a kind.

 

I have his affairs to clean up, and my research into his life to complete, so I will not be able to work on all things Vosper for a while, perhaps for a couple of months (he has 22 “recent” addresses!). 

 

------------------------------

 

I have had on my plate for some time working with a Vosper descendant where the Vosper’s lived in Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire. Unfortunately, (I feel so guilty!) I have not had the time to work on figuring out how they connect.  If you are interested in taking this on while I’m busy, please get in touch, and I will put you in touch with the Tewkesbury descendant.

 

Stay well, stay safe,

 

Cousin Teri

Saturday, May 16, 2020

DNA results for Brittany Warren's mother, Rebecca Howell


Good morning cousins!  Brittany shared her and her mother’s DNA results with me on Ancestry, and while she does not match any of the kits from Vosper cousins shared with me, she does have 3 matches with people with the surname VOSPER in their trees.

The first, and most interesting, is Kyle Hilgenfeld.   Kyle also matches me (9 cm) and Lesley Dawson (8 cm).   The most ancient Vosper on his tree is Thomas Vosper (1738 Tresmeer – 1830 Egloskerry), who was married to Elizabeth Adams (1743 – 1821 Lewannick).  Their son, Richard (1784-1861) married Elizabeth Nicholls (1793-1850) [ the name Nicholls is of interest to me because I once saw it mentioned as a middle name to William Vosper, but didn’t note where I saw it, and therefore took it off his name ]. 

I have this Thomas Vosper on my tree here:



This is the same Thomas shown on our cousins chart here:

I don’t show that Malcolm Lockhart, William Williams, John Elliott Vosper or Robert McAuslan have DNA tested or they would probably match him.

So, Rebecca Howell, Brittany’s mother, shows INDIRECT connections this way on the Vosper Chart, with the line through Thomas Vosper representing Kyle Hilgenfeld:





In a bit of an off-topic, I feel I should tell you I got some really weird results on Ancestry.  When I searched for people who had the surname Vosper in their trees for Rebecca’s DNA on my PHONE, I got this result:


BUT, when I did the same results on the Ancestry PC version, it came back with no matches!  So weird!  I guess the moral of this story is, if you don’t get what you think you should on your PC, check your phone to see if you get the same results.  NOW, I just went back to test that, and it is working on my PC!  Just wasting my time….

Both Michelle Childerley and Stacey Jordan-Knox have private trees, and I have written to them asking them about their Vosper roots.  None of the rest of us match them (that I know of), only Rebecca.  If some of you manage other Vosper DNA tests, you might want to check them to see if they match Rebecca Howell.

All of this does not help us narrow down the origins of Rebecca / Brittany’s Vosper family origins.

Cousin Teri

FW: Y DNA and the Jewish connection - Part 4


There is currently a Trevosper Barn holiday house near Launceston, you can see pictures of it and other details about the Trevosper family at:   https://vospercousins.blogspot.com/search?q=trevosper

I have been able to find references to the Trevosper and Trevoseburgh line back to about 1250:




Of course, we know that the Jews were expelled from England in 1290:  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edict_of_Expulsion   So, how did they survive in Cornwall through this period.  Or was Cornwall governed separately, and the Trevosper family was overlooked.  (Just recently I was reading that Cornwall views itself as a nation, perhaps they didn’t take part in the expulsion)
         



So, what does ALL this tell us.  Hmmmm.   If we accept my guesswork that Trevosper and Trevosburgh are variations of the name Vosper, it would indicate that the family was in Cornwall back quite a while.  How does that mesh with the idea of a “Jewish refugee”?  Beats me.  I think the main source of this “Jewish refugee” history is the Visitations book, which does contain many errors.  I think the lineage shown in Visitations was created some time in the 1800’s and that the person compiling it just didn’t see the Trevosper connection (No computers to do searching with then!). 

There are some literary references to the Vospers being connected to the mining industry, but they are mostly anecdotal sources (Traditions and Hearthside Stories), as opposed to, say, the History of the Borough of Liskeard and its Vicinity:


         

In the absence of any reliable historical documents, I tend to revert to the scientific DNA evidence, which points me in the direction of the Jewish haplotype.

Hope this answers all your questions!   (Or maybe it promotes more investigation into historical and DNA sources!)

Cousin Teri

FW: Y DNA and the Jewish connection - Part 3


All of this is further cast into doubt by the fact that we have found various people with the name TREVOSPER in Cornwall prior to the time of Johannes Vosper: 

In Cornwall the use of a prefix “Tre” was meant a land owner or homestead:
  
             
This is further confirmed in the following:

AND there is a legal brief that apparently confirms the transition from Trevosper to Vosper:


http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C7478454 From the National Archives of England

Our lineage from Richard Gifford is a follows:



FW: Y DNA and the Jewish connection - Part 3

 

 

From: Infoseeker@Gmail [mailto:infoseeker1980@gmail.com]
Sent: Saturday, May 16, 2020 10:38 AM
To: Vosper Blog for Cousins (tccallahan.vosper@blogger.com)
Subject: FW: Y DNA and the Jewish connection - Part 3

 

All of this is further cast into doubt by the fact that we have found various people with the name TREVOSPER in Cornwall prior to the time of Johannes Vosper: 

 

In Cornwall the use of a prefix “Tre” was meant a land owner or homestead:

               

This is further confirmed in the following:

 

AND there is a legal brief that apparently confirms the transition from Trevosper to Vosper:

 

http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C7478454 From the National Archives of England

 

Our lineage from Richard Gifford is a follows:

 

https://www.ancestry.com/family-tree/person/tree/47009625/person/24453505918/facts

 

FW: Y DNA and the Jewish connection - Part 2

 

2.        Connections to Jewish heritage from our DNA results. 

a.       Autosomal DNA – ie, Ancestry.com, FTDNA FamilyFinder, or 23andme DNA tests

                                                               i.      When we first began doing DNA testing I downloaded many of the DNA test results and ran them through the ethnicity calculators on GEDMATCH.com.  Most of the cousins had results that showed we come as 2% - 3% Ashkenazi Jewish.  This amount does not show up on Ancestry or the other services, because it is too small.   The amount seems to be appropriate, given that the family converted prior to 1600, and ostensibly married into Christian families from that time forward, diluting the Ashkenazi markers. 

                                                             ii.      I am not sure how accurately these tests can differentiate between Sephardic and Ashkenazi Jewish heritage.  If our family originated in Eastern Europe we would most likely be of Ashkenazi background, if we came from Spain to England, I would think it would show up a Sephardic heritage.  Ethnicity is notoriously inaccurate on these testing services.

b.      Y-DNA – from FTDNA, primarily.  Cousin Robert Vosper has been tested the most vigorously, and has a type of J-Z18186, a subclade of J-M267.  Cousin Ken has also tested, and is confirmed to be J-M267.  The first letter of the Haplotype “J” indicates this is a Jewish Haplotype.

c.        HOWEVER, I received the following email from Joe Flood, of the Cornwall Project on FTDNA:

“[It is ] Not [necessarily] the case that you have shown the Vospers to be of Jewish descent. That is debatable. They were ‘something’ alright, but not necessarily Jewish, as that particular subclade of J1 has not been associated with Jews.

For example – if the founder was a Muslim shaft mining expert who converted, it might have been in his interest to say he was Jewish, as Muslims were truly reviled after the Crusades, whereas the British were at least familiar with Jews.  

 

All speculation of course. But anyway – good work.”

d.      This casts doubt on my understanding of what the “J” means.  The subclade of J-Z18186 is quite rare, and has been found in the middle portion of England and Ireland (I recall).  Here is one school of thought regarding this subclade:

                                                               i.     

                                                             ii.      Source:  https://anthrogenica.com/showthread.php?4517-J-Z18186-Haplogroup&__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=2c86d8317b0f3fd775293664251d344e90fb6bf2-1583862157-0-ActRsGZ2I4Wj_BjYkvxieUOFTJCqp5eM6eKkBTO7dGqxZ7cXH_CnXcHdqXislZgtmZgSj2RLvE9q9qIEpUJoyp0jNYjDJ6wMQ_7SWduiS1n_9CSe84x0jvOYbDNPJk10OsFRDs4230uFJ-AjoCqoGSv1kaSwxGGq5sG8nrmVUANr3dfYKcWB1p_g0ccZx-00abc3LpHiitFUIjE9cLKB_80t6cCCHvsAN8NL4q-KAb-mg2aFFa1UekUyC2xj8MH5bmAhz-ZiqUtV6OzoFjrEGP6NdxMx_3ldRk87e_8j6YqEu4Euph5S9yPaL4H7_Peh1ljZwmzEtPEEWtY9A22LlAQ

                                                            iii.      Many of cousin Robert’s matches have the Jordan or Graham surname, and Robert is a member of those Surname projects. 

                                                           iv.      The reality is that all of these are theories, that may or may not pan out.  There are a number of projects underway in various parts of the world to determine the Y-DNA types of ancient human remains, and we can only hope that at some point they will come up with some definitive answers.  Of course, Cousin Robert or some other Vosper Cousin  will have to probably do the Big Y to match up. 

                                                             v.      At some point I would like to run Joe Flood’s theory by experts on the J haplotype, and see what they think.

3.        I think that the combination of literary, autosomal, and Y-DNA results add up to a pretty conclusive theory that the family was considered Jewish at some point prior to 1600.  It is pretty interesting, historically, to me that the family came from a “Jewish refugee” in Liskeard to being Mayor and holding various politically significant jobs in Liskeard, to marrying a descendant of Rollo the Great.  I imagine a “refugee” as being someone dressed in rags and carrying a staff, but I guess he could very well have been a well-dressed man in a wagon full of prized family possessions capable of becoming an influencer in a small town.

 

 

Origins in Silesia comes from:

               

Note that the origin of “Eastern Europe (probably Silesia)” is unsourced, and I have never found another corroborating source.  Silesia is located adjacent to Germany, and had a large population of Ashkenazi Jews.  The history of the area in regard to its Jewish population is interesting, as it indicates that the Jews were persecuted and many fled.  (This is my recollection).  You can read more about it here:  https://www.ancestry.com/mediaui-viewer/collection/1030/tree/47009625/person/24454081783/media/c99ea75e-2667-432f-83ed-9989540ea64b?_phsrc=Iow1053&usePUBJs=true    

 

New Vosper Cousin - Brittany Warren


Hello, Vosper Cousins! 

I’ve popped out of my home renovation cocoon long enough to correspond with a NEW Vosper cousin who has found my tree on Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com/family-tree/tree/47009625/family/pedigree?cfpid=6669495099).   Her name is Brittany Warren, and she lives near Philadelphia, Pennsyslvania, USA.

What is so UNUSUAL is HOW she plugs into the Vosper tree (see cousin chart, attached).  While all the rest of us descend from Daniel Vosper (1592-1637), Brittany traces her line to “Thomas Vosper (1577-1631), son of Thomas Vosper”.  We believe the father to be the Thomas Vosper (1537-1596), who was the son of Johanes Vosper (1511-1590).


This is hard to determine, because there is no indication of the mother’s name given, so being 100% sure of WHICH Thomas Vosper is a bit tricky.  However, this Thomas (1537-1596) appears the most reasonable in terms of his age at time of birth.  You can view the Thomas Vosper that Brittany descends from on my tree at https://www.ancestry.com/family-tree/person/tree/47009625/person/7032399081/facts.  It’s interesting that he married a Henwood, as many of us have that surname in our lineage as well: 


So Britanny, we may be double cousins, on the Henwood and Vosper lines.

This is Brittany’s lineage, as shown on the far right of the chart:


Brittany’s mother and Brittany have both tested on Ancestry, and have downloaded to Gedmatch, but I have not gotten details on their testing yet.  I did look for Brittany’s test on all of the Vosper cousins who have shared their DNA with me, but did not find  a match.  This is actually to be expected this many generations back.

I’m still busy with house projects, so have to run, but hope this message finds you well, happy, and safe!

Hibernating in California,

Cousin Teri

Tuesday, March 31, 2020

FW: Sydney Curnow Vosper - Artist - Origins of name CURNOW

From: Linda Wilson
Sent: Tuesday, March 31, 2020 12:41 AM
Subject: Re: Sydney Curnow Vosper - Artist

Hi Teri,  Interesting!  Did you know that "Curnow", is Cornish for "Cornwall"?  Though it is spelt these days as "Kernow".  Maybe it is a Welsh spelling.

Best Wishes and keep safe

Linda Wilson

Monday, March 30, 2020

FW: Sydney Curnow Vosper - Artist - Article from Agence France Presse


A message from our cousin Helena…

From: Helena Dorr
Sent: Monday, March 30, 2020 5:03 AM
Subject: Sydney Curnow Vosper - Artist

Dear Terri,

Being a very very distant cousin (descendant of Ezekiel Vosper of Redruth, through his daughter Joan, wife of Stephen Simmons and mother of Ezekiel Simmons, my 6x grandfather) I thought you and the other Vosper cousins might be interested in this article from Agence France Presse.

Best wishes to all during this crisis. I hope you're all staying safe and well!

Helena 
-----------------------------

Begin forwarded message:
From: Peter Dorr
Date: 30 March 2020 at 12:48:35 BST
Subject: Agence Bretagne Presse

Tuesday, March 10, 2020

Y DNA and the Jewish connection - Part 1

Good morning everyone,

It’s a rainy day here in Southern California, so perfect for responding to emails.  I got the following questions from Cousin Glenda, and it reminded me how disjointed all this information can become to cousins who are new to the group and those who are not as familiar with DNA ins and outs as I am.  I’ll try to answer Glenda’s questions below her inquiry….

From: Glenda
Sent: Thursday, March 5, 2020 12:58 PM
Subject: Y DNA and the Jewish connection

Hi Teri,

With your recent new information, I am confused about the Jewish connection.  Is Vosper DNA showing a connection to Silesia?  I searched through your blog and our emails and can’t find the answer.  What is the DNA marker that connects? J (M304) or J 267?

I’m also confused by the information connecting the early Vospers to the mining industry, the knowledge coming out of Spain and the inference (that I read) that the Vospers may have come into Cornwall then --- or were they already there from a much earlier date eg 1066, which could mean Silesia?

Thanks for your help,
Glenda

Here is my very long and detailed response.  If you are not an Ancestry subscriber and would like me to invite you to my tree so you can see these links, please let me know.  Alternately, tell me which links you are interested in, and I will email to you.

1.  Connection to Jewish heritage.   We have two forms of evidence about the Jewish heritage – there are various references in literature that state that the Vosper family was Jewish, most of which are documented on my tree at https://www.ancestry.com/family-tree/person/tree/47009625/person/24454081783/facts and there is DNA evidence.  First, the literary documentation:
a.  From Visitations of Cornwall:
i.                   
                              ii.  This shows that an “… Vosper of St. Neot, a Jewish refugee, settled in Cornwall”.  Based on the names of the children, and PARISH records of Cornwall, we believe this to be Johis or Johanes Vosper (https://www.ancestry.com/family-tree/person/tree/47009625/person/6961584721/facts)
                               iii.  Page 624, https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Visitations_of_Cornwall.html?id=t0U7AQAAIAAJ – this is the 1887 version, which includes details from the 1530, 1573 &1620 versions.
b.  From Notes and Queries:
                              i.                 
c.  From Traditions and Hearthside Stories of West Cornwall:
                               i.  
d.  Cousin Malcolm states:
                               i.  
e.  David Hillman article published by the Cornwall Historical Society:
                             i.  
                             ii.  This again quotes many of the same sources, but refers to the Jews expelled from Spain.  My understanding is that the Jews expelled from Spain were Sephardic Jews, not Ashkenazi. 
                                                  iii.    David’s article is very interesting, and you can see the various pages on my tree beginning at https://www.ancestry.com/mediaui-viewer/tree/47009625/person/6961584721/media/a4f14608-6d3f-4971-a84f-2503443bbb3a
                                                 iv.      David is on our Cousin’s mailing list, but he rarely ever corresponds.  His article is on the profile page for Johanes Vosper as a fact of 1500, at https://www.ancestry.com/family-tree/person/tree/47009625/person/6961584721/facts

Tuesday, March 3, 2020

Interesting information from Joe Flood on the Jewish population of Cornwall

 

As far as I know, none of the existing family lines have any recollection of being “secretly Jewish”.   Every indication I have seen is that the family converted to Christianity some time prior to the 1500’s.  We have no way of knowing if that was a genuine conversion, or if it was politically motivated, in order to avoid possible death, retribution, or expulsion from their homes.

 

If you are interested in seeing more about the Jewish origins of the family, I have put a “placeholder person” named “Jewish (Placeholder) Vosper” on my tree at:  https://www.ancestry.com/family-tree/person/tree/47009625/person/24454081783/facts that contains information from various sources.

 

 

In looking over the information on this profile I came upon this page:

 

 

Note the comment, “For some time they were engaged in mining operations.”   -  I had forgotten about this, and it does correspond with Joe Flood’s comments about mining.

 

There may be additional information under Johanes Vosper, the earliest documented Vosper on our line, on my tree:  https://www.ancestry.com/family-tree/person/tree/47009625/person/6961584721/facts

 

Cousin Teri

Exciting news, we have a VOSPER Y DNA match!

Hello Cousins!  

 

As you may recall, we have been trying for several years to find another male Vosper to do a Y-DNA test to match Robert Vosper OR John Vosper of Australia.  Recently Kenneth Vosper found us, and got his Y-DNA test done – and it comes in as a match to Robert Vosper, with a J-M267 haplogroup.  This confirms our Jewish family origins.  Here is the match, as shown from Robert's results:

 

 

This shows a confirmation along the following lines, with Robert Vosper and Mary Bawden as common ancestors:

 

 

Of interest is the genetic difference of 4, shown in the first column of the match.  That is a pretty significant difference over 4 generations on just 37 markers.  I am not a Y DNA expert, but I don't think it should be so high – that indicates at least one mutation every generation.  I have copied Joe Flood, who is the administrative head of the Cornwall Project at FTDNA and hope he will have some information about this, and whether we should be concerned about it.

 

Ken, could you please go to your FTDNA account and under MyProjects, request membership in the following projects: 

 

Ken, I don't think you will be eligible for the Cornwall Advanced YDNA project unless you do some  additional testing, but I think Joe can give you some guidance about that.     Also, could you please go to your Profile page and enter the following information:

To do this go to your account settings (drop down under your name and kit number in upper right), and then Genealogy

For paternal ancestry information, you should enter Johanes Vosper, d. 1590 St. Melion, Cornwall

Then go to Surnames and add Vosper and Trevosper:

 

Robert Vosper, under Joe Flood's guidance has purchased additional testing and now shows the following haplogroup:

 

 

 

Joe, I want to assure you that we belong in the Cornwall group, so here is the list of ancestors we all descend from with the Vosper lineage birth and death locations noted:

 

 

Hoping this communication finds everyone well and happy!

 

Cousin Teri

(correspondent for Robert Norris Vosper on FTDNA)

Sunday, January 19, 2020

Updated Vosper Cousin Chart

I finally squeezed in another two lines of Vosper descendants – you will find the line for Reverend John Vosper somewhere near the middle (11th column), and Cousin Ken in the adjacent column (the 12th).

 

We are delighted that Cousin Ken has ordered a Y-DNA kit, and can hardly wait for the results to come back!

 

Cousin Teri

 

 

Vosper Photo Collage

Hi Vosper Cousins!  Busy week, working on matters Vosper.

 

Hey, it’s been a couple of years since we did the Vosper Photo Collage – would anyone like to add their face to the pics?

 

Here’s the one we did in 2017:

 

https://vospercousins.blogspot.com/search?q=collage

 

Send me a headshot, if you’d like to add your pretty face to the collage!

 

Cousin Teri

 

 

Richard Isbell marriage to Charity Kent, 1696

Uh, oh!  While looking at my DRAFTS folder in my email, I found a couple of things that I think should have been sent out when I was in Salt Lake City.  Here is one of them, the above mentioned record.

 

 

 

On my tree at:  https://www.ancestry.com/mediaui-viewer/tree/47009625/person/6725670674/media/5df07085-8c9a-477f-90f2-a2ea88e99c9a

 

 

Cousin Teri

A Vosper with R-M269 haplotype has joined the Cornwall project...

 

I wonder if it is John, Moira’s husband, whose email went “dark” after he didn’t match Cousin Robert.   I have no way to contact him.

 

Cousin Teri

Wednesday, January 15, 2020

Cousin Sheila's research, as put on Ancestry.com

Cousin Sheila has provided a bunch of documents, which I posted earlier.  Here are most of them, as a link on my tree:

 

Samuel Vosper (1813) baptism (father of Reverend John Vosper): 

https://www.ancestry.com/mediaui-viewer/tree/47009625/person/6680742611/media/15e59a03-811e-4558-a436-9e087741b8b4

 

1861 Census record for Samuel Vosper (this has been on my tree for some time):

https://www.ancestry.com/mediaui-viewer/tree/47009625/person/6680742611/media/98e90a3f-c609-4d8d-a08c-55fccda9858c

 

Robert Vosper marriage to Mary Bawden (I put this on my tree when I was in Salt Lake City):

https://www.ancestry.com/mediaui-viewer/tree/47009625/person/6675090826/media/ca6010f8-e404-4cf2-a294-7e8bc2112267

 

 

Rev. John Vosper’s marriage:

https://www.ancestry.com/mediaui-viewer/tree/47009625/person/6953769787/media/6da73baf-8123-41f9-9d70-8a6678a65a8c

 

Rev. John Vosper’s obituary:

 

https://www.ancestry.com/mediaui-viewer/tree/47009625/person/6953769787/media/0f5f4bb8-069a-47e3-9458-153217c71c7a

 

Mr. John Vosper’s obituary:

 

https://www.ancestry.com/mediaui-viewer/tree/47009625/person/6961435213/media/f7467d95-7d29-42c0-a8f6-b34a286e1652

 

 

It would be helpful if, when sending out items like this, that citation information was given:  the source, page, place where it was found.

 

Thanks and have a great day everybody!

 

Cousin Teri

 

 

 

 

 

 

I provide these to make it easier for you to put them on your tree, so you don’t have to do all the uploading yourself, you can just save to your tree.

On a different subject, the origins of the Vosper family...

Good morning, Vosper Cousins!

 

During a few hours of insomnia early this morning I found a link to this article on my Facebook feed, and SOMETHING made me look at it:

 

Genetic analysis of male Hungarian Conquerors: European and Asian paternal lineages of the conquering Hungarian tribes

 

If you’re so inclined, you can read the entire article here:  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12520-019-00996-0?fbclid=IwAR3DyqHQhv1n7-252oNsx8cAPjV7MkwPE1RdcvnH0pwla3zoa_-xlzLUKiw

 

My disclaimer:  I don’t even PRETEND to understand all of this article.    Not even MOST of it.

 

I think I looked at it because of the rumored origin of the Vosper family being in Silesia (Wikipedia link), which was near Hungary, sorta.

 

In any case, the article turns out to be about the DNA testing of ancient Hungarian warriors for their Y Haplogroups (Y DNA, remember, is passed from father to son).  What caught my eye was that one of the warriors tested out as J1-M267, which is what I believe Cousin Robert tested out as before he had some special SNPs ordered, which now gives him a haplogroup of:

In other words, J-Z18186 is a subgroup of J1-M267.

 

Here is the Abstract of the article:

 

One of the warriors they tested has a J1-M267 haplogroup:

 

 

I don’t understand Y DNA haplogroups well enough to understand how close the Z1828 subgroup is to the Z1818 “Cousin Robert subgroup” (If you want to try to figure it out, the phylogenetictree is here:  file:///C:/Users/Teri/Documents/Documents/Geneology/Bennett%20Tree/Vosper/j1phylogenetictree.pdf ), but I think it’s very interesting the directions Y DNA analysis is taking us in understanding the origins of the worlds peoples.  This tells me that we are getting closer to understanding the ancient origins of our Vosper family.  However, we still need another Vosper male to get his DNA Y tested at FTDNA.com to confirm Robert’s test results.    FTDNA.com has just announced a reduction in the cost, but it is nothing to sneeze at.  Anyone interested (Cousin Ken)?

 

Have a good week!

 

Cousin Teri